An update on equine post‐operative ileus: Definitions,pathophysiology and management          下载免费PDF全文

Z. M. Lisowski  R. S. Pirie  A. T. Blikslager  D. Lefebvre  D. A. Hume  N. P. H. Hudson 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(3):292-303

Post‐operative ileus (POI) is a serious condition which any horse undergoing abdominal surgery is at risk of developing, leading to increased hospitalisation time and resulting costs. Advances in the understanding of the development of equine POI are mainly based on human and rodent literature, where manipulation‐induced inflammation has been identified as a trigger, with activation of resident muscularis externa macrophages playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology. Despite many pharmacological trials in all species, there is no single completely successful treatment for POI, highlighting that the condition is multifactorial in cause and requires a multimodal approach to minimise its incidence.  相似文献   

Handbook of Veterinary Drugs     

AT Hart 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):783-783

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Wolbachia successfully replicate in a newly established horn fly,Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) cell line     

Mukund Madhav  Geoff Brown  Jess AT Morgan  Sassan Asgari  Elizabeth A McGraw  Ulrike G Munderloh  Timothy J Kurtti  Peter James 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2441-2452

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Ultrasound findings in tendons and ligaments of lame sport horses competing or training in South Florida venues during the winter seasons of 2007 through 2016     

R. D. Mitchell  D. D. DaSilva  C. F. Rosenbaum  A. T. Blikslager  R. B. Edwards III 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(6):306-309

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Sparing the gut: COX-2 inhibitors herald a new era for treatment of horses with surgical colic     

A. L. Ziegler  A. T. Blikslager 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(11):611-616

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage a wide variety of conditions in horses, including management of colic. Flunixin meglumine is by far the most commonly used drug in the control of colic pain and inflammation and has become a go-to for not only veterinarians but also horse-owners and nonmedical equine professionals. NSAID use, however, has always been controversial in critical cases due to a high risk of adverse effects associated with their potent cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibition. There are two important COX isoenzymes: COX-1 is generally beneficial for normal renal and gastrointestinal functions and COX-2 is associated with the pain and inflammation of disease. Newer selective NSAIDs can target COX-2-driven pathology while sparing important COX-1-driven physiology, which is of critical importance in horses with severe gastrointestinal disease. Emerging research suggests that firocoxib, a COX-2-selective NSAID labelled for use in horses, may be preferable for use in colic cases in spite of the decades-long dogma that flunixin saves lives.  相似文献   

OCT4 Expression in Outgrowth Colonies Derived from Porcine Inner Cell Masses and Epiblasts     

K Schauser  AT Jensen  M Schmidt  P Hyttel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):385-392

The present study was conducted to test different methods for porcine inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast isolation and to evaluate the morphology and expression of pluripotency genes in ICM‐ and epiblast‐derived outgrowth colonies (OCs) and passages thereof with particular attention on the relationship between OCT4 expression and embryonic stem cell (ESC)‐like morphology. A total of 104 zona pellucida‐enclosed and 101 hatched blastocysts were subjected to four different methods of ICM and epiblast isolation, respectively: Manual isolation, immunosurgery, immunosurgery with manual cleaning, or whole blastocyst culture. OCs were established on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and categorized according to morphology and OCT4 staining. Although all isolation methods resulted in ESC‐like OCs, immunosurgery with manual cleaning yielded significantly higher rates of ICM/epiblast attachment and subsequent ESC‐like morphology, whereas no significant difference was found between ICM and epiblasts with respect to these characteristics. All ESC‐like OCs showed nuclear OCT4 staining and expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 as evaluated by RT‐PCR. Upon initial passages, the expression of pluripotency markers was, however, gradually lost in spite of maintained ESC‐like morphology. In conclusion, we have established a robust system for derivation of ESC‐like OCs from porcine ICM and epiblasts and we have shown that localization of OCT4 is associated with an ESC‐like morphology although this relationship is lost during early passages.  相似文献   

The Effect of Tramadol and Indomethacin Coadministration on Gastric Barrier Function in Dogs     

T.L. Hill  B.D.X. Lascelles  J. M. Law  A.T. Blikslager 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):793-798

Background

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic that is often used in conjunction with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The effect of coadministration of tramadol and indomethacin on gastric barrier function in dogs is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives

That coadministration of a nonselective NSAID (indomethacin) and tramadol would decrease recovery of barrier function as compared with acid‐injured, indomethacin‐treated, and tramadol‐treated mucosa.

Animals

Gastric mucosa of 10 humanely euthanized shelter dogs.

Methods

Ex vivo study. Mounted gastric mucosa was treated with indomethacin, tramadol, or both. Gastric barrier function, prostanoid production, and cyclooxygenase expression were quantified.

Results

Indomethacin decreased recovery of transepithelial electrical resistance after injury, although neither tramadol nor the coadministration of the two had an additional effect. Indomethacin inhibited production of gastroprotective prostanoids prostaglandin E₂ (acid‐injured PGE ₂: 509.3 ± 158.3 pg/mL, indomethacin + acid injury PGE ₂: 182.9 ± 93.8 pg/mL, P < .001) and thromboxane B₂ (acid‐injured TXB ₂: 233.2 ± 90.7 pg/mL, indomethacin + acid injury TXB ₂: 37.9 ± 16.8 pg/mL, P < .001), whereas tramadol had no significant effect (PGE ₂ P = .713, TXB ₂ P = .194). Neither drug had an effect on cyclooxygenase expression (COX‐1 P = .743, COX‐2 P = .705). Acid injury induced moderate to marked epithelial cell sloughing, which was unchanged by drug administration.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

There was no apparent interaction of tramadol and a nonselective cyclooxygenase in this ex vivo model. These results suggest that if there is an adverse interaction of the 2 drugs in vivo, it is unlikely to be via prostanoid inhibition.  相似文献   

Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser ablation of a urethral web to relieve urinary outflow obstruction in a horse.     

A T Blikslager  L P Tate  S L Jones 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(12):1970-2, 1937

An 8-year-old Hanoverian gelding was examined because of urine dribbling and urethral obstruction. Mild proprioceptive deficits of the left hind limb were evident during neurologic examination. Ultrasonography per rectum revealed dilatation of the pelvic portion of the urethra. Endoscopy of the urethra revealed 2 webs of tissue: 1 was located 10 cm proximal to the external urethral opening; the other was located 65 cm proximal to the external urethral opening and prevented passage of the endoscope into the urinary bladder. The mass was ablated with a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, using a transendoscopic noncontact technique. On follow-up examination 6 months after laser surgery, an endoscope could easily be passed into the bladder, and no urethral web was seen. The horse was able to void a stream of urine but continued to dribble urine intermittently. The proximal location of the urethral lesion in this horse would have made use of traditional surgical methods problematic, whereas transendoscopic laser photoablation was easy and effective.  相似文献   

Atlantoaxial malformation in a half-Arabian colt     

A T Blikslager  D A Wilson  G M Constantinescu  M A Miller  L A Corwin 《The Cornell veterinarian》1991,81(1):67-75

A 1-year-old half-Arabian colt was referred for evaluation of a cranial cervical abnormality. Physical examination revealed the left wing of the atlas to be more ventral than the right wing. A head tilt, with the pole deviated to the left, was present because of the malpositioned atlas. Neurologic examination identified symmetrical weakness, ataxia, and proprioceptive deficits in all four limbs. Radiographs of the cranial cervical region revealed fusion of the atlas and axis, and deviation of the atlantoaxial joint to the left of the median plane. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy confirmed the radiographic findings. The atlas was rotated 20 degrees counterclockwise when viewed from the caudal aspect. Multifocal myelomalacia was present in the first and second cervical spinal cord segments. The malformation was believed to be due to a degenerative process or abnormal embryological development.  相似文献   

Reply to Dr Freeman: Keep your surgical options open          下载免费PDF全文

A. T. Blikslager 《Equine Veterinary Education》2017,29(7):404-405

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